Topics
The
Emergence of Mesopotamian Civilization
Literary Sources for Mesopotamian History
The
Achievements of Mesopotamia
Mesopotamian Calendar
Mesopotamian Time Line
Mesopotamian
Peoples
Akkad
Amorites
Assyrians
Babylonians
Chaldeans
Hittites
Kassites
Sumeria
Map of Mesopotamia
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Mesopotamia
The International
History Project
Date: 2003
Mesopotamia 9000 -
500 B.C
Early Farming Communities 9000-5000
| 9000 |
|
Beginning cultivation of wild wheat and barley and
domestication of dogs and sheep; inaugurating of change from food
gathering to food producing culture - Karim Shahir in Zagros
foothills. |
| 7000 |
|
At Jarmo, oldest known permanent settlement: crude mud
houses, wheat grown from seed, herds of goats, sheep, and pigs. |
| 6000 |
Migration of northern farmers settle in region from
Babylon to Persian Gulf. |
Hassuna culture introduces irrigation, fine pottery,
permanent dwellings; dominates culture for 1000 years, develops
tradefrom Persian Gulf to Mediterranean. |
Pre-Sumerians 5000-3500
| 5000 |
|
Ubaidians develop first divisions of labor, mud brick
villages, first religious shrines. Small temple at Eridu - earliest
example of an offering table and niche for cult object. |
| 4500 |
|
|
| 4000 |
Semitic nomads from Syria and Arabian peninsula invade
southern Mesopotamia, intermingle with Ubaidian population |
Temple at Tepe Gawra built - setting
style for later examples. |
Sumerians 3500-1900
| 3500 |
Sumerians settle on banks of Euphrates |
Temple at Eridu - zigguratprototype |
| 3000 |
Democratic
assemblies give way to kingships, evolve into hereditary monarchies. |
|
| |
Kish - leading
Sumerian city |
Introduction of
pictographs to keep administrative records.
3-D statues, e.g. Warka head.
White Temple - ziggurat traditional design.
Temple at Tell Uqair - mosaic decorations.
cuneiform land sales formal contracts.
Eridu and Kish - simple palaces.
"Standard of Ur" - war-peace plaque, religious statues, gold and
silver artifacts buried in tombs of Ur.
Sumerians of Abu Salabikh - first poetry. |
| 2750 |
|
| |
Gilgamesh, hero
of Sumerian legends, reigns as king of Erech |
| 2500 |
Lugalannemudu of
Abab unites city states which vie for domination for 200 years. |
|
| 2250 |
Ur-Nammu founds
Ur's 3rd. dynasty; dedicates ziggurat at Ur moon-god Nanna, sets up
early law code. |
Gudea, Prince of
Lagsh, art and lit patron,magnificant statues produced in his honor. |
| 2000 |
Elamites attack
and destroy Ur. |
Babylonians and Assyrians 1900-500
| 1900 |
Amorites from Syrian desert conquer Sumer. |
|
| 1800 |
Hammurabi asccends Babylonian throne. |
|
| 1700 |
Hammurabi brings most of Mesopotamia
under his control. |
Hammurabi introduces law code. |
| 1600 |
Hittite invasion from Turkey ends Hammurabi's dynasty. |
|
| 1500 |
Assyria conquered by Hurrians from Anatolia. |
Bas-relief of baked brick appears as dominant art form
- Karaindash Temple. |
| 1400 |
Kurigalzu assumes Babylonian throne |
|
| 1200 |
Nebuchadrezzar I expels Elamites. |
|
| 1100 |
King Tiglath-Pileser I leads Assyria
to new era of power. |
Iron, introduced originally by Hittites, is used
extensively in Assyria for tools and weapons. |
| 1000 |
Assyrian empire shattered by Aramaean and Zagros
tribes. 150 Assyrian decline halted by Adadnirari II. |
| 900 |
|
Assurnasirpal II builds magnificent new capital, Calah,
replacing old capital of Assur, present day Nimrud. |
| 800 |
Tiglath-Pileser II creates great empire extending from
the Persian Gulf to the borders of Egypt. |
Sargon II builds new capitol at Dur-Sharrukin |
| 700 |
Assurbanipal extends empire from Nile to Caucasus
Mountains. Chaldeans and Iranian Medes overrun Assyria -
Neo-Babylonian empire. |
Sennacherib's son, Esaraddon, rebuilds Babylon. |
| 600 |
Nebuchadrezzar II rules Neo-Babylonian empire. Razes
Jerusalem, takes Jews into captivity in Babylon. |
Builds "Tower of Babel," temple to Marduk |
| 500 |
Cyrus the Great, Persian warrior and statesman,
conquers Babylon. |
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